{"id":39870,"date":"2024-01-30T16:40:44","date_gmt":"2024-01-30T15:40:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/greenchemstaging.maarevenonline.nl\/?p=39870"},"modified":"2024-05-16T16:28:51","modified_gmt":"2024-05-16T14:28:51","slug":"co-je-technologicka-neutralita","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/greenchemstaging.maarevenonline.nl\/sk\/co-je-technologicka-neutralita\/","title":{"rendered":"\u010co je technologick\u00e1 neutralita?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u00davod<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

V roku 2021 nap\u00edsalo 7 ved\u00facich predstavite\u013eov kraj\u00edn E\u00da list adresovan\u00fd predsedn\u00ed\u010dke Eur\u00f3pskej komisie Ursule von der Leyenovej. V \u0148om spomenuli d\u00f4le\u017eitos\u0165 dodr\u017eiavania z\u00e1sady technologickej neutrality pri snahe dosiahnu\u0165 klimatick\u00fa neutralitu do roku 2050.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201eVyz\u00fdvame Eur\u00f3psku komisiu, aby zabezpe\u010dila, \u017ee energetick\u00e1 a klimatick\u00e1 politika E\u00da zoh\u013eadn\u00ed v\u0161etky cesty k dosiahnutiu klimatickej neutrality v s\u00falade so z\u00e1sadou technologickej neutrality. V tejto s\u00favislosti sa so v\u0161etk\u00fdmi dostupn\u00fdmi a bud\u00facimi technol\u00f3giami s nulov\u00fdmi a n\u00edzkymi emisiami mus\u00ed zaobch\u00e1dza\u0165 rovnako vo v\u0161etk\u00fdch politik\u00e1ch vr\u00e1tane taxon\u00f3mie udr\u017eate\u013en\u00fdch invest\u00edci\u00ed zameran\u00fdch na dosiahnutie klimatickej neutrality do roku 2050.\u201c<\/em><\/strong> (Spr\u00e1va:<\/a> 7 EU leaders urge support for nuclear : Perspectives – World Nuclear News (7 ved\u00facich predstavite\u013eov E\u00da vyz\u00fdva na podporu jadrovej energie:<\/a> perspekt\u00edvy \u2013 World Nuclear News) (world-nuclear-news.org)<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u010co teda znamen\u00e1<\/strong> term\u00edn technologick\u00e1 neutralita?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Technologick\u00e1 neutralita sa vz\u0165ahuje na \u201eslobodu jednotlivcov a organiz\u00e1ci\u00ed vybra\u0165 si najvhodnej\u0161iu technol\u00f3giu primeran\u00fa ich potreb\u00e1m a po\u017eiadavk\u00e1m na v\u00fdvoj, z\u00edskavanie, pou\u017e\u00edvanie alebo komercializ\u00e1ciu bez z\u00e1vislosti na vedomostiach, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou inform\u00e1ci\u00ed alebo \u00fadajov\u201c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V roku 1999 Eur\u00f3pska komisia po prv\u00fdkr\u00e1t pou\u017eila z\u00e1sadu technologickej neutrality ako regula\u010dn\u00fa z\u00e1sadu v ofici\u00e1lnom dokumente o rev\u00edzii regula\u010dn\u00e9ho r\u00e1mca pre elektronick\u00e9 komunik\u00e1cie. Z toho vypl\u00fdva, \u017ee boj za technologick\u00fa neutralitu nie je ned\u00e1vnou a prechodnou z\u00e1le\u017eitos\u0165ou, ale nevyhnutn\u00fdm predpokladom spr\u00e1vneho rozvoja inov\u00e1ci\u00ed. K z\u00e1sadn\u00e9mu upevneniu technologickej neutrality do\u0161lo smernicou 2009\/140\/ES, ktor\u00e1 upravila predch\u00e1dzaj\u00face vykon\u00e1vacie predpisy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

O p\u00e1r rokov nesk\u00f4r, v novembri 2011, Eur\u00f3psky parlament schv\u00e1lil uznesenie zo 17. novembra 2011 o otvorenom internete a neutralite siete v Eur\u00f3pe. Toto uznesenie bolo pre eur\u00f3pske in\u0161tit\u00facie a ich \u010dlensk\u00e9 \u0161t\u00e1ty v\u00fdzvou, aby si uvedomili d\u00f4le\u017eitos\u0165 technologickej neutrality a jej regul\u00e1cie, preto\u017ee inak by bola sie\u0165 pre\u0165a\u017een\u00e1 inform\u00e1ciami, doch\u00e1dzalo by k v\u00fdpadkom a blokovaniu internetov\u00fdch slu\u017eieb a poru\u0161ovalo by sa pr\u00e1vo na neutralitu. What is technological neutrality? (\u010co je to technologick\u00e1 neutralita?<\/a>) \u2022 Blog spolo\u010dnosti Viafirma<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Technologick\u00e1 neutralita v odvetv\u00ed dopravy.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Napriek tomu, \u017ee spa\u013eovacie motory s\u00fa v s\u00fa\u010dasnosti dominantnou technol\u00f3giou pohonu v odvetv\u00ed dopravy, boli vyvinut\u00e9 r\u00f4zne alternat\u00edvne technol\u00f3gie pohonu a pal\u00edv. Nie v\u0161etky tieto technol\u00f3gie s\u00fa v\u0161ak pripraven\u00e9 na plo\u0161n\u00e9 roz\u0161\u00edrenie a ka\u017ed\u00e1 z nich m\u00e1 svoje v\u00fdhody a nev\u00fdhody. Prvoradou \u00falohou tvorcov polit\u00edk je vytvori\u0165 regula\u010dn\u00fd r\u00e1mec, ktor\u00fd by stanovil stimuly pre inov\u00e1cie a z\u00e1rove\u0148 umo\u017enil \u00fa\u010dinn\u00fa a efekt\u00edvnu dekarboniz\u00e1ciu odvetvia dopravy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V s\u00fa\u010dasn\u00fdch politick\u00fdch diskusi\u00e1ch ved\u00faci predstavitelia podnikov, akademici a tvorcovia polit\u00edk \u010dasto uv\u00e1dzaj\u00fa \u201etechnologick\u00fa neutralitu\u201c ako d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 krit\u00e9rium, na z\u00e1klade ktor\u00e9ho by sa mali navrhova\u0165 regula\u010dn\u00e9 n\u00e1stroje. Z\u00e1sada technologickej neutrality diktuje, \u017ee tvorcovia polit\u00edk by si nemali \u201evybera\u0165 v\u00ed\u0165azov\u201c v s\u00fa\u0165a\u017ei medzi alternat\u00edvnymi technol\u00f3giami; o tom, ktor\u00e9 technol\u00f3gie sa plo\u0161ne roz\u0161\u00edria, by mali rozhodova\u0165 trhov\u00e9 mechanizmy, preto\u017ee t\u00fdm sa zabezpe\u010dia n\u00e1kladovo najefekt\u00edvnej\u0161ie rie\u0161enia. Ako pr\u00edklad technologicky neutr\u00e1lnej regul\u00e1cie sa zvy\u010dajne uv\u00e1dza syst\u00e9m obchodovania s emisiami, ktor\u00fd sa vz\u0165ahuje na v\u0161etky hospod\u00e1rske odvetvia. V u\u017e\u0161om kontexte dopravnej politiky sa z\u00e1sada technologickej neutrality pravidelne uv\u00e1dza v diskusi\u00e1ch o limitoch CO2 pre vozov\u00fd park osobn\u00fdch a n\u00e1kladn\u00fdch automobilov a \u013eahk\u00fdch \u00fa\u017eitkov\u00fdch vozidiel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Spa\u013eovacie motory s\u00fa v s\u00fa\u010dasnosti aj na\u010falej dominantnou technol\u00f3giou pohonu v sektore dopravy.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

S\u00fa\u010dasn\u00fd stav v Eur\u00f3pe.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Uv\u00e1dzame preh\u013ead s\u00fa\u010dasn\u00e9ho stavu vozov\u00e9ho parku E\u00da: (Spr\u00e1va \u2013 Report – Vehicles in use, Europe 2023 – ACEA – European Automobile Manufacturers‘ Association<\/u> (Vozidl\u00e1 v prev\u00e1dzke, Eur\u00f3pa 2023 \u2013 ACEA \u2013 Eur\u00f3pske zdru\u017eenie v\u00fdrobcov automobilov<\/a>)):<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
  1. Vek<\/strong>: Priemern\u00fd vek \u013eahk\u00e9ho \u00fa\u017eitkov\u00e9ho vozidla v Eur\u00f3pskej \u00fanii je 12 rokov. V obdob\u00ed rokov 2017 a\u017e 2021 sa celkov\u00fd po\u010det \u013eahk\u00fdch \u00fa\u017eitkov\u00fdch vozidiel v Eur\u00f3pskej \u00fanii zvy\u0161uje, aj ke\u010f len mierne, v priemere o 1,7 %.Pri stredn\u00fdch a \u0165a\u017ek\u00fdch \u00fa\u017eitkov\u00fdch vozidl\u00e1ch ide o \u010d\u00edsla 14,2 roka a priemern\u00fd n\u00e1rast o 3,2 %.V pr\u00edpade autobusov 12,7 roka a n\u00e1rast o 1,8 %. Aj ke\u010f autobusy predstavuj\u00fa len 1,9 % z celkov\u00e9ho po\u010dtu 36,7 mil. vozidiel v Eur\u00f3pskej \u00fanii v roku 2021, ich po\u010det v prev\u00e1dzke sa st\u00e1le zvy\u0161uje.(Vzh\u013eadom na to, \u017ee norma Euro 7 sa st\u00e1le pripravuje, m\u00f4\u017ee sa v\u00e1m hodi\u0165 kontrola, ktor\u00e9 emisn\u00e9 normy sp\u013a\u0148a va\u0161e vozidlo a \u010di v\u00e1s \u010dak\u00e1 moderniz\u00e1cia. Tu je v\u0161eobecn\u00fd n\u00e1vod na ur\u010denie, ktor\u00e9 emisn\u00e9 normy Euro sa vz\u0165ahuj\u00fa na novo registrovan\u00e9 vozidl\u00e1. (Euro 1 to Euro 6 \u2013 find out your vehicle’s emissions standard (Euro 1 a\u017e Euro 6 \u2013 zistite emisn\u00fa normu svojho vozidla) | RAC Drive<\/a>)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  2. Typ paliva<\/strong>: Z h\u013eadiska typu paliva, ktor\u00e9 tieto vozidl\u00e1 spotreb\u00favaj\u00fa, 91 % v\u0161etk\u00fdch \u013eahk\u00fdch \u00fa\u017eitkov\u00fdch vozidiel, 96,4 % v\u0161etk\u00fdch stredn\u00fdch a \u0165a\u017ek\u00fdch \u00fa\u017eitkov\u00fdch vozidiel a 92,5 % v\u0161etk\u00fdch autobusov v Eur\u00f3pskej \u00fanii jazd\u00ed na naftu. Mo\u017eno teda s istotou poveda\u0165, \u017ee v\u0161etky dopravn\u00e9 a logistick\u00e9 \u010dinnosti v Eur\u00f3pe vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa naftu. Spa\u013eovacie motory sa v bl\u00edzkej dobe neprestan\u00fa pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  3. Ve\u013ekos\u0165 vozov\u00e9ho parku<\/strong>: Celkov\u00fd po\u010det v\u0161etk\u00fdch \u00fa\u017eitkov\u00fdch vozidiel a autobusov v Eur\u00f3pe do roku 2021 bol 36,7 mili\u00f3na. 6,4 mili\u00f3na z toho s\u00fa stredn\u00e9 a \u0165a\u017ek\u00e9 \u00fa\u017eitkov\u00e9 vozidl\u00e1, \u010do je o 3,2 % viac v porovnan\u00ed s rokom 2020.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

    Spa\u013eovacie motory sa v bl\u00edzkej dobe neprestan\u00fa pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165, jednoducho to nie je realistick\u00e9 a n\u00e1kladovo efekt\u00edvne.<\/em><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

    Z\u00e1ver:<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    V\u0161etky technol\u00f3gie boli vytvoren\u00e9 na vyrie\u0161enie probl\u00e9mu z ur\u010dit\u00e9ho h\u013eadiska, a ke\u010f sa zaved\u00fa v inom prostred\u00ed, m\u00f4\u017eu alebo nemusia by\u0165 \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9. Vzh\u013eadom na existenciu s\u00fa\u010dasn\u00fdch trhov\u00fdch s\u00edl a r\u00f4zne z\u00e1vislosti vo v\u00fdvoji zostane spa\u013eovac\u00ed motor v kr\u00e1tkodobom a\u017e strednodobom horizonte dominantnou technol\u00f3giou pohonu, najm\u00e4 v \u0161pecifick\u00fdch odvetviach dopravn\u00fdch \u010dinnost\u00ed a kateg\u00f3ri\u00e1ch vozidiel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Ako celok by sme mali zva\u017eova\u0165 v\u0161etky technol\u00f3gie nezaujato, zosta\u0165 \u010do najviac neutr\u00e1lni a z\u00e1rove\u0148 sa s\u00fastredi\u0165 na jedin\u00fd d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fd cie\u013e: inovova\u0165 a usilova\u0165 sa o klimatick\u00fa neutralitu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Spolo\u010dn\u00fdmi silami sa sna\u017eme o \u010distej\u0161ie \u017eivotn\u00e9 prostredie.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    \u00davod V roku 2021 nap\u00edsalo 7 ved\u00facich predstavite\u013eov kraj\u00edn E\u00da list adresovan\u00fd predsedn\u00ed\u010dke Eur\u00f3pskej komisie Ursule von der Leyenovej. V \u0148om spomenuli d\u00f4le\u017eitos\u0165 dodr\u017eiavania z\u00e1sady technologickej neutrality pri snahe dosiahnu\u0165 klimatick\u00fa neutralitu do roku 2050. \u201eVyz\u00fdvame Eur\u00f3psku komisiu, aby zabezpe\u010dila, \u017ee energetick\u00e1 a klimatick\u00e1 politika E\u00da zoh\u013eadn\u00ed v\u0161etky cesty k dosiahnutiu klimatickej neutrality v s\u00falade … \u010d\u00edtaj viac<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":90,"featured_media":38677,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_seopress_robots_primary_cat":"","_seopress_titles_title":"","_seopress_titles_desc":"","_seopress_robots_index":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1436,1026,1165],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-39870","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-greenchem-sk","category-legislativa-sk","category-uncategorized-sk"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/greenchemstaging.maarevenonline.nl\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/39870","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/greenchemstaging.maarevenonline.nl\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/greenchemstaging.maarevenonline.nl\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/greenchemstaging.maarevenonline.nl\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/90"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/greenchemstaging.maarevenonline.nl\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=39870"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/greenchemstaging.maarevenonline.nl\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/39870\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":39908,"href":"https:\/\/greenchemstaging.maarevenonline.nl\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/39870\/revisions\/39908"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/greenchemstaging.maarevenonline.nl\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/38677"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/greenchemstaging.maarevenonline.nl\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=39870"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/greenchemstaging.maarevenonline.nl\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=39870"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/greenchemstaging.maarevenonline.nl\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=39870"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}