{"id":40413,"date":"2024-04-23T11:18:11","date_gmt":"2024-04-23T09:18:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/greenchemstaging.maarevenonline.nl\/?p=40413"},"modified":"2024-04-23T16:26:34","modified_gmt":"2024-04-23T14:26:34","slug":"co-je-technologicka-neutralita","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/greenchemstaging.maarevenonline.nl\/cs\/co-je-technologicka-neutralita\/","title":{"rendered":"Co je technologick\u00e1 neutralita?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u00davod<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

V roce 2021 napsalo 7 vedouc\u00edch p\u0159edstavitel\u016f zem\u00ed EU dopis adresovan\u00fd p\u0159edsedkyni Evropsk\u00e9 komise Ursule von der Leyenov\u00e9. P\u0159ipomn\u011bli v\u00a0n\u011bm d\u016fle\u017eitost dodr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1sady technologick\u00e9 neutrality ve snaze dos\u00e1hnout klimatick\u00e9 neutrality do roku 2050.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201eVyz\u00fdv\u00e1me Evropskou komisi, aby zajistila, \u017ee energetick\u00e1 a\u00a0klimatick\u00e1 politika EU zohledn\u00ed v\u0161echny cesty k\u00a0dosa\u017een\u00ed klimatick\u00e9 neutrality v\u00a0souladu se z\u00e1sadami technologick\u00e9 neutrality. V\u00a0t\u00e9to souvislosti se se v\u0161emi dostupn\u00fdmi i\u00a0budouc\u00edmi technologiemi s\u00a0nulov\u00fdmi a\u00a0n\u00edzk\u00fdmi emisemi mus\u00ed zach\u00e1zet stejn\u011b ve v\u0161ech politik\u00e1ch v\u010detn\u011b taxonomie udr\u017eiteln\u00fdch investic zam\u011b\u0159en\u00fdch na dosa\u017een\u00ed klimatick\u00e9 neutrality do roku 2050.\u201c<\/em><\/strong> (Zpr\u00e1va: 7 EU leaders urge support for nuclear : Perspectives – World Nuclear News (7 ved\u00facich predstavite\u013eov E\u00da vyz\u00fdva na podporu jadrovej energie: perspekt\u00edvy \u2013 World Nuclear News) (world-nuclear-news.org)<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Co tedy znamen\u00e1 pojem technologick\u00e1 neutralita?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Technologick\u00e1 neutralita se vztahuje ke \u201esvobod\u011b jednolivc\u016f a organizac\u00ed vybrat si nejvhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed technologii p\u0159im\u011b\u0159enou pot\u0159eb\u00e1m a po\u017eadavk\u016fm na v\u00fdvoj, z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed, pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed nebo komercializaci bez z\u00e1vislosti na v\u011bdomostech, kter\u00e9 jsou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed informac\u00ed nebo \u00fadaj\u016f\u201c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V roce 1999 Evropsk\u00e1 komise poprv\u00e9 pou\u017eila z\u00e1sadu technologick\u00e9 neutrality jako regula\u010dn\u00ed z\u00e1sadu v ofici\u00e1ln\u00edm dokumentu o revizi regula\u010dn\u00edho r\u00e1mce pro elektronick\u00e9 komunikace. Z toho vypl\u00fdv\u00e1, \u017ee boj za technologickou neutralitu nen\u00ed novou a p\u0159echodnou z\u00e1le\u017eitost\u00ed, ale nevyhnuteln\u00fdm p\u0159edpokladem spr\u00e1vn\u00e9ho rozvoje inovac\u00ed. K z\u00e1sadn\u00edmu upevn\u011bn\u00ed technologick\u00e9 neutrality do\u0161lo sm\u011brnic\u00ed 2009\/140\/ES, kter\u00e1 upravila p\u0159edchoz\u00ed prov\u00e1d\u011bc\u00ed p\u0159edpisy. O p\u00e1r let pozd\u011bji, v listopadu 2011, schv\u00e1lil Evropsk\u00fd parlament usnesen\u00ed ze 17. listopadu 2011 o otev\u0159en\u00e9m internetu a neutralit\u011b evropsk\u00e9 s\u00edt\u011b. Toto usnesen\u00ed bylo pro evropsk\u00e9 instituce a jejich \u010dlensk\u00e9 st\u00e1ty v\u00fdzvou, aby si uv\u011bdomily d\u016fle\u017eitost technologick\u00e9 neutrality a jej\u00ed regulace, proto\u017ee jinak by byla s\u00ed\u0165 p\u0159et\u00ed\u017een\u00e1 informacemi, doch\u00e1zelo by k v\u00fdpadk\u016fm a blokov\u00e1n\u00ed internetov\u00fdch slu\u017eeb a poru\u0161ovalo by se pr\u00e1vo na neutralitu. What is technological neutrality? (Co je to technologick\u00e1 neutralita?<\/a>) \u2022 Blog spole\u010dnosti Viafirma<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Technologick\u00e1 neutralita v odv\u011btv\u00ed dopravy.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Navzdory tomu, \u017ee spalovac\u00ed motory jsou v\u00a0sou\u010dasnosti dominantn\u00ed technologi\u00ed pohonu v\u00a0odv\u011btv\u00ed dopravy, byly vyvinuty r\u016fzn\u00e9 alternativn\u00ed technologie pohonu a\u00a0paliv. Ne v\u0161echny tyto technolgie jsou v\u0161ak p\u0159ipraven\u00e9 na plo\u0161n\u00e9 roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed a\u00a0ka\u017ed\u00e1 z\u00a0nich m\u00e1 svoje v\u00fdhody a\u00a0nev\u00fdhody. Prvo\u0159ad\u00fdm \u00fakolem tv\u016frc\u016f legislativy je vytvo\u0159it regula\u010dn\u00ed r\u00e1mec, kter\u00fd by stanovil podn\u011bty k\u00a0inovac\u00edm a\u00a0z\u00e1rove\u0148 umo\u017enil \u00fa\u010dinnou a\u00a0efektivn\u00ed dekarbonizaci dopravn\u00edho odv\u011btv\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

P\u0159edstavitel\u00e9 firem, akademici a\u00a0politici \u010dasto v sou\u010dasn\u00fdch politick\u00fdch diskuz\u00edch uv\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed \u201etechnologickou neutralitu\u201c jako d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 krit\u00e9rium, na z\u00e1klad\u011b kter\u00e9ho by se m\u011bly navrhovat regula\u010dn\u00ed n\u00e1stroje. Z\u00e1sada technologick\u00e9 neutrality na\u0159izuje, \u017ee by si tv\u016frci legislativ nem\u011bli \u201evyb\u00edrat v\u00edt\u011bze\u201c v\u00a0sout\u011b\u017ei mezi alernativn\u00edmi technologiemi. O\u00a0tom, kter\u00e9 technolgie se plo\u0161n\u011b roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00ed, by m\u011bli rozodovat mechanismy trhu, proto\u017ee t\u00edm se zabezpe\u010d\u00ed nakladov\u011b nejefektivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed. Jako p\u0159\u00edklad technologicky neutr\u00e1ln\u00ed regulace se obvykle uv\u00e1d\u00ed syst\u00e9m obchodov\u00e1n\u00ed s\u00a0emisemi, kter\u00fd se vztahuje na v\u0161echna hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e1 odv\u011btv\u00ed. V\u00a0u\u017e\u0161\u00edm kontaxtu dopravn\u00ed politiky se z\u00e1sada technologick\u00e9 neutrality pravideln\u011b ojbevuje v\u00a0diskuz\u00edch o\u00a0limitech CO2 pro vozov\u00fd park osobn\u00edch a\u00a0n\u00e1kladn\u00edch automobil\u016f a\u00a0lehk\u00fdch u\u017eitkov\u00fdch vozidel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Spalovac\u00ed motory jsou v\u00a0sou\u010dasnosti st\u00e1le dominantn\u00ed technologi\u00ed pohonu v\u00a0sektoru dopravy.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Sou\u010dasn\u00fd stav v Europ\u011b.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Uv\u00e1d\u00edme p\u0159ehled sou\u010dasn\u00e9ho stavu vozov\u00e9ho parku v E\u00da: (Zpr\u00e1va \u2013 Report – Vehicles in use, Europe 2023 – ACEA – European Automobile Manufacturers‘ Association<\/u> (Vozidla v provozu, Evropa 2023 \u2013 ACEA \u2013 Evropsk\u00e9 sdru\u017een\u00ed v\u00fdrobc\u016f automobil\u016f<\/a>)):<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
  1. St\u00e1\u0159\u00ed: <\/strong>Pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00fd v\u011bk lehk\u00e9ho u\u017eitkov\u00e9ho vozidla v\u00a0Evropsk\u00e9 unii je 12 let. V\u00a0letech 2017 a\u017e 2021 se celkov\u00fd po\u010det lehk\u00fdch u\u017eitovk\u00fdch vozidel v\u00a0Evropsk\u00e9 unii zvy\u0161oval, i\u00a0kdy\u017e jen m\u00edrn\u011b \u2013 v\u00a0pr\u016fm\u011bru o\u00a01,7 %. U\u00a0st\u0159edn\u00edch a\u00a0t\u011b\u017ek\u00fdch u\u017eitkov\u00fdch vozidel je to 14,2 let a\u00a0pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00fd n\u00e1r\u016fst o\u00a03,2 %. V\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b autobus\u016f 12,7 let a\u00a0n\u00e1r\u016fst o\u00a01,8 %. A\u010dkoli autobusy p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed jen 1,9 % z\u00a0celkov\u00e9ho po\u010dtu 36,7 milion\u016f vozidel v\u00a0Evrosk\u00e9 unii v\u00a0roce 2021, jejich po\u010det se st\u00e1le zvy\u0161uje. (Vzhledem k\u00a0tomu, \u017ee norma Euro 7 se st\u00e1le p\u0159ipravuje, m\u016f\u017ee se v\u00e1m hodit kontrola, kter\u00e9 emisn\u00ed normy va\u0161e vozidlo spl\u0148uje a\u00a0zda v\u00e1s \u010dek\u00e1 modernizace. Zde je v\u0161eobecn\u00fd n\u00e1vod na ur\u010den\u00ed, kter\u00e9 emisn\u00ed normy Euro se vztahuj\u00ed na nov\u011b registrovan\u00e1 vozidla. (Euro 1 to Euro 6 \u2013 find out your vehicle’s emissions standard (Euro 1 a\u017e Euro 6 \u2013 zjist\u011b emisn\u00ed normu sv\u00e9ho vozidla) | RAC Drive<\/a>)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  2. Typ paliva<\/strong>: Z\u00a0hlediska typu paliva, kter\u00e9 tyto vozy spot\u0159ebov\u00e1vaj\u00ed \u2013 91% v\u0161ech lehk\u00fdch u\u017eitkov\u00fdch vozidel, 96,4 % v\u0161ech st\u0159edn\u00edch a\u00a0t\u011b\u017ek\u00fdch u\u017eitkov\u00fdch vozidel a\u00a092,5 % v\u0161ech autobus\u016f v\u00a0Evropsk\u00e9 unii jezd\u00ed na naftu. Je tedy mo\u017en\u00e9 s\u00a0jistotou \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee v\u0161echny dopravn\u00ed a\u00a0logistick\u00e9 \u010dinnosti v\u00a0Evrop\u011b vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed naftu.Spalovac\u00ed motory se v\u00a0bl\u00edzk\u00e9 dob\u011b nep\u0159estanou pou\u017e\u00edvat.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  3. Velikost vozov\u00e9ho parku<\/strong>: Celkov\u00fd po\u010det v\u0161ech u\u017eitkov\u00fdch vozidel a autobus\u016f v Evrop\u011b do roku 2021 byl 36,7 milionu. 6,4 milionu z toho p\u0159ipadn\u00e1 na st\u0159edn\u00ed a\u00a0t\u011b\u017ek\u00e1 u\u017eitkov\u00e1 vozidla, co\u017e je v\u00a0porovn\u00e1n\u00ed s\u00a0rokem 2020 o\u00a03,2 % v\u00edce.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

    Spalovac\u00ed motory se v\u00a0bl\u00edzk\u00e9 dob\u011b ne\u0159estanou pou\u017e\u00edvat, jednodu\u0161e to nen\u00ed re\u00e1ln\u00e9 a\u00a0n\u00e1kladov\u011b efektivn\u00ed.<\/em><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

    Z\u00e1v\u011br:<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    V\u0161echny technologie byly vytvo\u0159eny k vy\u0159e\u0161en\u00ed probl\u00e9mu z ur\u010dit\u00e9ho hlediska. Pokud se v\u0161ak zavedou v jin\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed, m\u016f\u017eou nebo nemus\u00ed b\u00fdt \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9. Vzhledem k existenci sou\u010dasn\u00fdch tr\u017en\u00edch sil a r\u016fzn\u00e9 z\u00e1vislosti na v\u00fdvoji z\u016fstane spalovac\u00ed motor kr\u00e1tkodob\u00e9m a\u017e st\u0159edn\u011bdob\u00e9m horizontu dominantn\u00ed technologi\u00ed pohonu, zejm\u00e9na ve specifik\u00fdch odv\u011btv\u00edch dopravn\u00edch \u010dinnost\u00ed a kategori\u00edch vozidel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Jako celek bychom m\u011bli zva\u017eovat v\u0161echny technologie nezaujat\u011b, z\u016fstat co mo\u017en\u00e1 nejv\u00edce neutr\u00e1ln\u00ed a z\u00e1ve\u0148 se soust\u0159edit na jedin\u00fd d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd c\u00edl: inovovat a usilovat o klimatickou neutralitu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Spole\u010dn\u00fdmi silami se sna\u017eme o \u010dist\u0161\u00ed \u017eivotn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    \u00davod V roce 2021 napsalo 7 vedouc\u00edch p\u0159edstavitel\u016f zem\u00ed EU dopis adresovan\u00fd p\u0159edsedkyni Evropsk\u00e9 komise Ursule von der Leyenov\u00e9. P\u0159ipomn\u011bli v\u00a0n\u011bm d\u016fle\u017eitost dodr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1sady technologick\u00e9 neutrality ve snaze dos\u00e1hnout klimatick\u00e9 neutrality do roku 2050. \u201eVyz\u00fdv\u00e1me Evropskou komisi, aby zajistila, \u017ee energetick\u00e1 a\u00a0klimatick\u00e1 politika EU zohledn\u00ed v\u0161echny cesty k\u00a0dosa\u017een\u00ed klimatick\u00e9 neutrality v\u00a0souladu se z\u00e1sadami technologick\u00e9 neutrality. … \u010dt\u011bte v\u00edce<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":90,"featured_media":38679,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_seopress_robots_primary_cat":"","_seopress_titles_title":"","_seopress_titles_desc":"","_seopress_robots_index":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1464,1155,1024],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-40413","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-greenchem-cs","category-uncategorized-cs","category-zakonodarstvi-cz"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/greenchemstaging.maarevenonline.nl\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/40413","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/greenchemstaging.maarevenonline.nl\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/greenchemstaging.maarevenonline.nl\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/greenchemstaging.maarevenonline.nl\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/90"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/greenchemstaging.maarevenonline.nl\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=40413"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/greenchemstaging.maarevenonline.nl\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/40413\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":40414,"href":"https:\/\/greenchemstaging.maarevenonline.nl\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/40413\/revisions\/40414"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/greenchemstaging.maarevenonline.nl\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/38679"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/greenchemstaging.maarevenonline.nl\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=40413"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/greenchemstaging.maarevenonline.nl\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=40413"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/greenchemstaging.maarevenonline.nl\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=40413"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}